Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of bodily structures, and physiology is the study of how those structures function.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of compartmentation in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The separation of the thoracic and abdominal cavities by the diaphragm.

Question 3

A patient is experiencing high blood pressure. Which organ system is most likely to communicate with the kidneys to help regulate this variable?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine system

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of mass balance in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sodium excreted in urine equals the amount of sodium ingested.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is a dynamic process that maintains a relatively stable internal environment.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

Lowering of blood glucose levels after insulin secretion.

Question 7

A patient with a fever experiences an increase in body temperature. Which physiological process is most likely to return the body temperature to normal?

Accepted Answer

A negative feedback loop involving sweating and vasodilation.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 9

During exercise, active muscle tissue releases metabolic vasodilators. What is the primary effect of these substances?

Accepted Answer

They increase blood flow to the active muscle.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding positive feedback loops?

Accepted Answer

They require an outside factor to shut off the cycle.

Question 11

A patient with diabetes has difficulty maintaining plasma glucose concentration. Which physiological principle is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Accepted Answer

ICF is the aqueous environment inside cells, while ECF is the aqueous environment outside cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a biological rhythm?

Accepted Answer

The increase in plasma cortisol in the early morning.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why homeostasis does not mean equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis maintains a stable state, but the ECF and ICF are in disequilibrium.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a reflex pathway involved in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus → Sensor → Integrating center → Target → Response

Question 16

A patient is exposed to a viral infection that triggers a cytokine storm. Which feedback mechanism is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback loop

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the law of mass balance as it applies to the human body?

Accepted Answer

Mass balance states that any gain must be offset by an equal loss to maintain a stable body load.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of local control in physiology?

Accepted Answer

A tissue releasing paracrines to increase blood flow to itself.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of cell signaling in physiology?

Accepted Answer

Cell signaling allows the body to communicate using chemical and electrical signals.

Question 20

A patient is unable to compensate for a loss of homeostasis. According to the flowchart of homeostatic regulation, what is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The patient will develop a disease state or illness.

Introduction to Human Physiology: Core Concepts and Homeostasis

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