Question 1

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is primarily responsible for rapid phagocytosis of bacteria at sites of acute infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 2

A patient with a parasitic worm infection is likely to show an increase in which type of leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in hemostasis after a blood vessel is injured?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways?

Accepted Answer

Both pathways require $$Ca^{2+}$$ and PF3, and converge at Factor X.

Question 5

A person with type O- blood is considered a universal donor because:

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens.

Question 6

Which of the following conversions is essential for forming a stable fibrin mesh during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 7

A patient with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous bleeding due to low platelet count

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates the production of platelets from megakaryocytes?

Accepted Answer

Thrombopoietin

Question 9

A mother who is Rh- gives birth to an Rh+ baby. Which condition may develop in subsequent pregnancies if she is not treated?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 10

Which of the following statements about leukocytes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Basophils directly engulf bacterial pathogens during acute bacterial infections.

Question 11

During fibrinolysis, which enzyme is responsible for digesting fibrin strands and dissolving the clot?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin

Question 12

A patient with type A- blood requires a transfusion. Which donor blood types are safe to administer?

Accepted Answer

Type A- and O-

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why agglutination and hemolysis occur during an incompatible blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Recipient antibodies bind to donor antigens, causing clumping and destruction of donor RBCs.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of events in the resolution of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin → Plasmin digests fibrin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are essential for adaptive immunity, with T cells attacking infected cells and B cells producing antibodies.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about ABO and Rh blood groups is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Type AB+ blood lacks both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, making it the universal recipient.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of clot retraction?

Accepted Answer

Pulling the edges of the ruptured vessel closer together

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of Von Willebrand factor in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates platelet adhesion to exposed collagen at the injury site.

Question 19

A thrombus differs from an embolus in that:

Accepted Answer

A thrombus is a clot that forms and persists in an unbroken vessel, while an embolus is a clot that travels in the bloodstream.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a patient with acute renal failure may develop after a severe transfusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

Agglutinated donor RBCs block kidney tubules, and free hemoglobin released from hemolyzed cells damages renal tissue.

Leukocytes, Thrombocytes, and Hemostasis: Blood Defense, Repair, and Typing

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