Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between osmolarity and tonicity?

Accepted Answer

Osmolarity describes the total number of particles in solution, while tonicity describes the effect of a solution on cell volume.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which of the following best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($$\Pi$$), solute concentration ($$C$$), the gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a property of simple diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It requires energy input from ATP hydrolysis.

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What will happen to the cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the concentration of Na$$^+$$ inside a cell does not reach zero, even though Na$$^+ is $$actively pumped out?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$ continues to enter the cell through leak channels and secondary active transport.

Question 7

Which of the following factors does NOT increase the rate of passive transport across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the molecular weight of the solute.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins undergo conformational changes to move molecules, while channel proteins form open passageways.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy stored in an ion gradient created by primary active transport.

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution containing 0.1 M NaCl. What is the osmolarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.2$$ osmole/L

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of electrochemical driving force?

Accepted Answer

K$$^+$$ ions move out of a neuron due to a higher concentration inside, but are partially opposed by the negative charge inside the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about vesicular transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires energy and is used for large molecules.

Question 14

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the permeability of a molecule to simple diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Number of carrier proteins

Question 15

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It requires specific binding of a ligand to a receptor before vesicle formation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump?

Accepted Answer

It is an example of primary active transport.

Question 17

Which of the following would increase the rate of facilitated diffusion of glucose into a cell?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the extracellular glucose concentration

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water moves from compartment A to compartment B in the osmosis experiment shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Water moves toward the compartment with higher solute concentration to equalize solute concentrations.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering the cell via a sodium-linked cotransport system

Membrane Dynamics: Transport Mechanisms and Homeostasis

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