Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and channel-mediated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion involves lipid-soluble molecules moving directly through the membrane, while channel-mediated diffusion involves water-soluble molecules moving through protein channels.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic; water moves into the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following factors would increase the rate of diffusion of a solute across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the steepness of the concentration gradient.

Question 4

Which property does NOT contribute to the selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The temperature of the solution

Question 5

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, what is the primary factor that determines which substances are brought into the cell?

Accepted Answer

The presence of specific ligands that bind to membrane receptors

Question 6

A scientist observes that salt is used to preserve meat. Which process best explains why salt prevents bacterial growth on meat?

Accepted Answer

Salt creates a hypertonic environment, causing bacteria to lose water and dehydrate.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between diffusion rate ($$R$$), concentration gradient ($$\Delta C$$), and distance ($$d) $$according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$R = k \frac{\Delta C}{d}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 9

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution of 0.9% NaCl. What effect does this solution have on the patient’s red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will remain the same size because the solution is isotonic.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions being pumped out of a cell against their concentration gradient

Question 11

Which step of the scientific method involves making a testable prediction based on observations?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A sugar cube dissolving in water, with more sugar molecules near the cube than elsewhere

Question 13

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles, such as bacteria, by the cell using pseudopodia?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely decrease the rate of diffusion of a molecule across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the distance the molecule must travel

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of a hypertonic solution on a red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell loses water and shrinks.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a passive process for moving substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 17

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. Which of the following best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 18

Which of the following best defines a solution?

Accepted Answer

A mixture in which the solute is evenly distributed within the solvent

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a form of endocytosis where the cell 'drinks' extracellular fluid.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why 0.9% NaCl is used as a standard IV solution in hospitals?

Accepted Answer

It is isotonic to red blood cells, preventing changes in cell volume.

Membrane Transport, Diffusion, and Osmosis: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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