Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in establishing the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell, contributing to a net negative charge inside.

Question 2

A neuron is exposed to a toxin that blocks all voltage-gated sodium channels. What would be the most immediate effect on neuronal signaling?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would be unable to generate action potentials.

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

If a neuron’s membrane is permeable only to potassium, what would the membrane potential approach?

Accepted Answer

$$E_K = -94\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is closer to the equilibrium potential of potassium than sodium?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is much more permeable to potassium than to sodium.

Question 6

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents Schwann cells from functioning. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the direction of information flow in a typical multipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite → soma → axon hillock → axon → axon terminal

Question 8

Which type of ion channel is primarily responsible for generating synaptic potentials in the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated ion channels

Question 9

A scientist measures the resting membrane potential of a neuron and finds it to be $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$Which of the following best describes the distribution of ions at this potential?

Accepted Answer

There are more negative charges inside the cell than outside.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the extracellular environment and support neurons.

Question 11

A neuron is damaged such that its axon hillock is destroyed. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of action potentials

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between anterograde and retrograde axonal transport?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport moves materials from the soma to the axon terminal; retrograde moves from axon terminal to soma.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the equilibrium potential for sodium ($$E_{Na}) in $$neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{Na} is $$the membrane potential at which the electrical and chemical driving forces for sodium are equal and opposite.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials more rapidly than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 15

A patient presents with muscle weakness and slowed reflexes. A biopsy reveals demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

They trigger the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

Question 17

If the extracellular concentration of potassium increases significantly, what would be the expected effect on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential would become less negative (depolarize).

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acting as immune cells to remove debris and pathogens

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ligand-gated ion channels in neuronal communication?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to neurotransmitter binding, generating synaptic potentials.

Question 20

A neuron receives simultaneous excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which property of the neuron determines whether it will fire an action potential?

Accepted Answer

The summation of synaptic potentials at the axon hillock

Nervous System Structure and Resting Membrane Potential: Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드