Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of self-renewal in stem cells, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A stem cell divides to produce one stem cell and one differentiated cell.

Question 2

Which type of stem cell is capable of giving rise to all cell types in the body and extraembryonic tissues, as seen in the zygote stage?

Accepted Answer

Totipotent stem cell

Question 3

The embryoblast within the blastocyst is a source of which type of stem cell?

Accepted Answer

Pluripotent stem cells

Question 4

Red bone marrow contains stem cells that can give rise to various blood cells. These stem cells are best classified as:

Accepted Answer

Multipotent

Question 5

Which membrane type lines the body cavities that are open to the external environment, such as the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membrane

Question 6

The pleural membrane consists of two layers. Which layer is in direct contact with the lung surface?

Accepted Answer

Visceral layer

Question 7

A patient with inflammation of the synovial membrane in their knee joint would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced synovial fluid and joint pain

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of an epidermis and dermis.

Question 9

If a stem cell in the epidermis can only produce keratinocytes, what is its potency level?

Accepted Answer

Unipotent

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of differentiated cells ($$N_d) $$produced from a single stem cell after $$n$$ rounds of differentiation, assuming each division produces two differentiated cells?

Accepted Answer

$$N_d = 2^n$$

Question 11

A patient with a punctured pleural membrane may develop a collapsed lung. Which fluid is lost, leading to increased friction between the lung and chest wall?

Accepted Answer

Serous fluid

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between serous and mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

Serous membranes line closed cavities and secrete serous fluid, while mucous membranes line open cavities and secrete mucus.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates freely movable joints.

Question 14

A researcher isolates a stem cell from the blastocyst that can differentiate into any cell type except those of the placenta. What is the potency of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Pluripotent

Question 15

Which membrane type is most likely to be damaged in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Synovial membrane

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the cutaneous membrane is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

It consists of multiple tissue types working together for a common function.

Question 17

A patient with a genetic defect affecting the formation of serous membranes would most likely have problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Friction reduction between organs in body cavities

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between multipotent and unipotent stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a limited range of cell types, while unipotent stem cells can produce only one cell type.

Question 19

Which of the following equations would you use to calculate the total surface area ($$A) $$covered by a membrane lining a cylindrical organ of length $$L$$ and radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 2\pi r L$$

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Ability to produce synovial fluid

Stem Cells and Body Membranes: Structure, Types, and Functions

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