Q: A patient is given a drug that blocks the function of the sodium-potassium pump. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

$$ \text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Q: A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytosol. Which equation best describes the osmotic movement of water?

$$ \text{H}_2\text{O}_{\text{in}} \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{O}_{\text{out}} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport as illustrated in the image?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport directly uses ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient, while secondary active transport uses the energy stored in the gradient created by primary active transport.

Question 2

If the sodium-potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) is inhibited, what would be the most immediate effect on glucose transport via the sodium-glucose symporter?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport would decrease because the sodium gradient would dissipate.

Question 3

Which of the following changes would most likely decrease the rate of glucose endocytosis via the sodium-glucose symporter?

Accepted Answer

Decrease intracellular ATP

Question 4

A patient is given a drug that blocks the function of the sodium-potassium pump. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why secondary active transport is considered 'secondary'?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the gradient established by primary active transport, not direct ATP hydrolysis.

Question 6

If a mutation caused the sodium-glucose symporter to lose its sodium binding site, what would be the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport into the cell would decrease significantly.

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct result of the sodium-potassium pump activity in most animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Establishment of a high intracellular potassium and low intracellular sodium concentration.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytosol. Which equation best describes the osmotic movement of water?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}_{	ext{in}} ightarrow 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}_{	ext{out}} $$

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of sodium-dependent glucose transport into a cell?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the extracellular sodium concentration

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides the energy required to change the conformation of the pump and move ions against their gradients.

Question 11

A patient with a genetic defect in the sodium-glucose symporter is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced glucose absorption in the intestines

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is considered an example of primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It directly uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to move ions against their gradients.

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