Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the organelle labeled as the 'powerhouse of the cell' in the diagrams above?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP through oxidative respiration.

Question 2

In the electron micrograph (first image), the large central structure is the nucleus. Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 3

Which structure in the cell membrane (third image) is primarily responsible for selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

A cell is observed with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone production

Question 5

During which phase of mitosis (as shown in the illustrated sequence) do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To increase their surface area for gas exchange

Question 7

If a cell undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis, what is the result?

Accepted Answer

A binucleate cell

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

What is the main advantage of chromatin condensing into chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It prevents tangling and breakage during chromosome separation.

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

A cell with abundant microvilli is most likely specialized for which function?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 12

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Interphase (S phase)

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function common to all cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing steroid hormones

Question 14

Which organelle contains enzymes that detoxify alcohol and free radicals?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of centrioles during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They direct the formation of the mitotic spindle.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mature neurons and cardiac muscle cells rarely divide?

Accepted Answer

They have lost the ability to undergo mitosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of mitotic phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting worn-out organelles and foreign substances

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a defect in the plasma membrane's selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled entry of toxins leading to cell death

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosome assembly.

The Cell: Anatomy and Division – Study Notes

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