Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It determines what enters and exits the cell, maintaining the boundary between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF).

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability to different substances?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. What type of solution is the cell in, and why does this occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell because the solute concentration is higher inside the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following molecules would most likely require a protein transporter to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 5

What is the main role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It maintains membrane fluidity.

Question 6

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink and crenate.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents osmolarity ($$Osm) $$for a solution containing $$n$$ moles of solute particles in $$V$$ liters of solution?

Accepted Answer

$$Osm = \frac{n}{V}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of integral (transmembrane) proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They serve as channels, carriers, receptors, enzymes, and linkers.

Question 9

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out and potassium ions in, both against their concentration gradients. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios is an example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

A glucose molecule entering a cell by hitching a ride with sodium ions moving down their gradient.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why nonpolar molecules can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

The nonpolar tails of phospholipids allow nonpolar molecules to dissolve and pass through the bilayer.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

A solution contains 0.2 mol/L NaCl and 0.1 mol/L glucose. What is the total osmolarity of the solution? (Assume NaCl dissociates completely into Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-.)$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$ Osm/L

Question 14

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is more negative than the outside, at about -70 mV.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of vesicular transport?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

A cell engulfs a bacterium by forming a vesicle around it. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires a protein transporter but does not require energy.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They identify cells to the immune system.

Question 20

A patient is given a solution that is isotonic to their red blood cells. What will happen to the cells?

Accepted Answer

They will remain unchanged.

The Cell and Plasma Membrane: Structure and Transport Mechanisms

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