$$\text{Glucose} + \text{O}_2 + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

$$3\ \text{Na}^+\ \text{out},\ 2\ \text{K}^+\ \text{in},\ \text{using}\ 1\ \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure shown in the first image (phospholipid bilayer)?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 2

In the second image, which type of membrane protein is shown spanning the entire plasma membrane and forming a channel?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 3

The structures at the top of the third image are microvilli. What is their primary function in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 4

In the fourth image, which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

The fifth image shows a cross-section of a centriole. What is the arrangement of microtubules in a centriole?

Accepted Answer

9 triplets with no central microtubules (9+0)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the structures labeled as cilia in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

Move materials over the cell surface

Question 7

The seventh image shows a flagellum. In humans, which cell type contains a flagellum and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Sperm cell; locomotion

Question 8

Which process is depicted in the series of images showing vesicles budding from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and fusing with the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and processing

Question 9

In the image showing a mitochondrion, which equation best represents the process occurring within this organelle?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{O}_2 + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes as shown in the image with green vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Break down and recycle damaged organelles

Question 11

The image showing a DNA double helix being transcribed into mRNA illustrates which process?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 12

In the image showing a ribosome with tRNA and mRNA, what is the role of the tRNA anticodon?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the complementary mRNA codon to ensure correct amino acid placement.

Question 13

Which image best represents the process of simple diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The image showing lipid-soluble molecules moving directly through the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 14

In the image showing a sodium-potassium exchange pump, which equation best describes the movement of ions?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ 	ext{Na}^+\ 	ext{out},\ 2\ 	ext{K}^+\ 	ext{in},\ 	ext{using}\ 1\ 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 15

Which image best illustrates the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The image showing water molecules moving toward a higher solute concentration across a membrane.

Question 16

In the image showing a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink and crenate.

Question 17

Which image best represents the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The image showing vesicles forming at the plasma membrane after binding of target molecules to receptors.

Question 18

In the image showing the process of translation, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

mRNA binds to ribosome, tRNA brings amino acids, peptide bonds form, polypeptide is released at stop codon

Question 19

Which image best illustrates the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

The image showing glucose binding to a carrier protein and being transported across the membrane.

The Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

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