Q: Which equation best represents the sodium-potassium exchange pump activity?

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{in}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{out}} + 1\ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}} + 1\ \mathrm{ADP} + 1\ \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the exchange of substances between the cell and its environment.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst because water enters by osmosis.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits all carrier proteins. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of glucose

Question 5

Which equation best represents the sodium-potassium exchange pump activity?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{out}} + 1\ \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}} + 1\ \mathrm{ADP} + 1\ \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water moves rapidly across cell membranes during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves through specialized channels called aquaporins.

Question 7

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the expected effect on the cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink due to water loss.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and immune response

Question 9

Which process is described as the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without energy input?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of repressor genes in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit cell division, preventing uncontrolled growth.

Question 11

A mutation in which type of gene is most likely to lead to the development of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Oncogene

Question 12

Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digest and recycle cellular waste

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires a carrier protein.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential is negative in most cells?

Accepted Answer

There is an unequal distribution of positive and negative charges across the membrane.

Question 19

Which process involves the engulfment of solid particles by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion

The Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

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