$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$\ \text{mol/L}$$

$$\text{Glucose} + \text{Fructose} \rightarrow \text{Sucrose} + H_2O$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the atomic structure of a typical hydrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

It has 1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron.

Question 2

Which element is most abundant in the human body by weight and is essential for respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

A patient is exposed to a strong radioisotope for cancer treatment. What is a potential risk of this exposure?

Accepted Answer

Radiation sickness due to cell destruction

Question 4

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 5

What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.5 moles of glucose in 1 liter of water?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5\ 	ext{mol/L}$$

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

What is the main reason water is considered a 'universal solvent' in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It forms hydration spheres around ions and polar molecules.

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$\ 	ext{mol/L}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur at body temperature.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{Fructose} ightarrow 	ext{Sucrose} + H_2O$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 12

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. Which condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a component of plasma membranes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 15

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a nucleic acid with its function?

Accepted Answer

DNA – controls protein synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water has a high heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Because of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a reversible reaction important in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize the pH of body fluids by removing or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A complex molecule is broken down by the addition of a water molecule.

The Chemical Level of Organization: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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