Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is constant, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass and can change depending on location.

Question 2

A couch has a mass of 50 kg on Earth. What would its mass and weight be on the Moon, where gravity is about $$\frac{1}{6}$$ that of Earth?

Accepted Answer

Mass: 50 kg; Weight: $$\frac{1}{6} of $$its weight on Earth

Question 3

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 4

Isotopes of an element differ in their number of:

Accepted Answer

Neutrons

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost one or more electrons and has a positive charge

Question 6

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the first and second electron shells, respectively?

Accepted Answer

2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

Table salt (NaCl) is formed by the transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine. What type of bond is this?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can dissolve many ionic and polar substances

Question 10

A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1000$ times more acidic

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 12

Which macromolecule is the primary source of energy for most cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double-stranded helical molecule

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lipids yield more energy per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds, which store more chemical energy

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of a buffer in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

It prevents rapid changes in pH

Question 19

A patient is given an intravenous solution with a high concentration of sodium chloride. What effect does this have on the rate of chemical reactions in the body, assuming all other factors are constant?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of reactions by increasing the concentration of reactants

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a colloid and a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A colloid is a mixture where solute particles do not settle out, while a suspension contains larger particles that settle out over time

The Chemical Level of Organization: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드