Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a suspension and a colloid, as seen in blood and milk?

Accepted Answer

A suspension contains visible solids that settle out over time, while a colloid contains solids that are too small to settle out.

Question 2

A sodium atom (Na) has 11 protons and 11 electrons. After it donates one electron to a chlorine atom (Cl), what is the resulting charge on the sodium ion?

Accepted Answer

The sodium ion has a charge of $$+1.$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons in their valence shells.

Question 4

A water molecule is described as polar because:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen, creating positive and negative poles.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar molecules have no regions of positive or negative charge for water to interact with.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log[H^+]$$

Question 7

If a solution has a pH of 4, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of $$H^+$$ than pure water.

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

The attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule.

Question 9

What happens to the pH of a solution if the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions increases?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the major source of energy for cellular processes.

Question 11

A molecule with a full valence shell is described as:

Accepted Answer

Inert

Question 12

Which of the following is true about acids?

Accepted Answer

Acids release $$H^+$$ ions when added to a solution.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the formation of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

One atom donates electrons to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 14

Which of the following molecules is most likely to dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

A polar molecule such as glucose

Question 15

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 9. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is basic and has a low concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the energy cycle involving ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced by adding a phosphate group to ADP, which requires energy.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($$NaCl) $$dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can surround both $$Na^+$$ and $$Cl^-$$ ions, separating them.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about bases?

Accepted Answer

Bases bind $$H^+$$ ions, decreasing their concentration in solution.

Question 19

A molecule of $$H_2O is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between valence electrons and chemical reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with unfilled valence shells tend to react to achieve a full shell.

The Chemistry of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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