Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of negative feedback loops in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They reverse changes in the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and high blood glucose levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient or not functioning properly?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a positive feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Uterine contractions during childbirth stimulated by oxytocin

Question 4

Which gland is both an endocrine and exocrine gland, and what are its two main endocrine hormones?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas; insulin and glucagon

Question 5

A patient with an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) is found to have low levels of T3 and T4. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Iodine deficiency preventing synthesis of thyroid hormones

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lipid-soluble hormones can enter target cells while water-soluble hormones cannot?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble hormones dissolve in the plasma membrane, while water-soluble hormones require membrane receptors.

Question 8

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex and is essential for sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 9

A patient has low blood calcium levels. Which hormone will be released to correct this imbalance, and what is one of its target organs?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); kidney

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland through both hormonal and neural connections.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing basal metabolic rate and heat production in the body?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Question 13

A patient is experiencing symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome, including high blood glucose and suppressed immune function. Which hormone is likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for short-distance signaling, while the endocrine system uses hormones for long-distance signaling.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin – regulates sleep-wake cycles

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a homeostatic imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Persistent high blood pressure (hypertension) damages blood vessels.

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin; regulates circadian rhythm

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of up-regulation of hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Target cells increase the number of receptors in response to low hormone levels.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Low blood calcium levels stimulate the parathyroid glands to release PTH.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the adrenal medulla is considered part of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It contains nervous tissue and secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine during stress.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Homeostatic Regulation

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