Q: Which of the following is a correct sequence for the negative feedback regulation of thyroid hormone production?

$$\text{TRH} \rightarrow \text{TSH} \rightarrow \text{T}_3/\text{T}_4$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the endocrine and nervous systems in terms of signal transmission?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system releases hormones into the blood, which travel to distant target cells, while the nervous system uses direct synaptic connections.

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood pressure, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia. Laboratory tests reveal a tumor in the adrenal cortex. Which hormone is most likely being overproduced?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the negative feedback regulation of thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TRH} ightarrow 	ext{TSH} ightarrow 	ext{T}_3/	ext{T}_4$$

Question 4

A patient with untreated Type 1 diabetes mellitus is at risk for which of the following complications due to the accumulation of ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

Ketoacidosis

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted in response to increased plasma osmolality and acts to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oral preparations of human growth hormone (hGH) are ineffective?

Accepted Answer

hGH is destroyed by stomach acid and digestive enzymes before it can be absorbed.

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates osteoclast activity to increase calcium release

Question 8

A patient with Graves disease is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia

Question 9

Which hormone is produced by the heart and acts to decrease blood pressure by promoting natriuresis and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for hydrophobic steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, altering gene transcription.

Question 11

A patient is experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and dehydration due to a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian follicles and sperm production?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of cortisol during the stress response?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates gluconeogenesis and suppresses inflammation

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on its target cells?

Accepted Answer

Increases glucose uptake and promotes storage of nutrients

Question 16

A patient with Addison disease is at risk for which of the following during a period of severe stress?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal crisis with low blood glucose and blood pressure

Question 17

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and acts on the hypothalamus to induce satiety?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a hormone acting as an antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose levels

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic hormones generally have longer half-lives than hydrophilic hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic hormones bind to plasma proteins, which protect them from degradation.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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