Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing calcium reabsorption by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood pressure and low potassium levels. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 3

Which gland is located inferior to the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) and is responsible for producing calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 4

A person with damage to their posterior pituitary would most likely have difficulty with which of the following physiological processes?

Accepted Answer

Water reabsorption by the kidneys

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and functions to lower blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake by cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal cortex is found to have suppressed immune responses and elevated blood glucose. Which hormone is most likely being overproduced?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 7

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating the sleep/wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 8

A patient is unable to produce sufficient erythropoietin (EPO). What physiological effect would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased red blood cell production

Question 9

Which hormone is released by the heart and acts to decrease blood volume and blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion?

Accepted Answer

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for promoting satiety and decreasing food intake, and is secreted by adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 11

A patient with hypoparathyroidism would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood calcium levels

Question 12

Which hormone is produced by the ovaries and is responsible for stimulating growth of the uterine lining and maintaining bone mass?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 13

Which hormone is released by the stomach and stimulates appetite and growth hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for inducing uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

A patient with a deficiency in calcitriol would most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased intestinal absorption of calcium

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the testes and is responsible for promoting male secondary sex characteristics and increasing muscle and bone mass?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 17

If a patient has a tumor that destroys the anterior pituitary, which of the following hormones would most likely be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for raising blood glucose by signaling the liver to metabolize glycogen to glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 19

A patient with excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) would most likely present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decreased urine output and increased blood pressure

Question 20

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys and increases blood calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol

The Endocrine System: Structure, Glands, and Hormones (A&P II: Lab 2 Review)

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