Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic valves in lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the backflow of lymph, ensuring one-way movement toward the heart

Question 2

A patient develops severe swelling in her left arm after lymph node removal during breast cancer surgery. What is the most likely explanation for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of lymphatic vessels leading to lymphedema

Question 3

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for absorbing dietary fats in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the spleen's red pulp?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of old erythrocytes by macrophages

Question 5

A patient with a deficiency in complement protein C3 would most likely experience which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Reduced opsonization and impaired phagocytosis

Question 6

Which antibody class is most effective at agglutinating pathogens due to its pentameric structure?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 7

A child receives a vaccine containing inactivated viral particles. Which type of immunity is being induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and stronger than a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells respond more rapidly and produce more IgG antibodies

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Involves IgE binding to mast cells and release of histamine

Question 10

A patient with HIV is most likely to have a deficiency in which immune cell type, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections?

Accepted Answer

CD4+ helper T cells

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They present antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive immunity

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of histamine release during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation of arterioles leading to redness and heat

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why organ transplants between siblings are more likely to succeed than those between unrelated individuals?

Accepted Answer

Siblings have a higher chance of sharing similar HLA (MHC) antigens

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting viral replication and activating immune cells

Question 15

A patient with a genetic deficiency in phagocyte function is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of bacterial and fungal infections

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Pathogens are coated with proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity is specific to antigens and has memory

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during an infection?

Accepted Answer

It enhances the efficiency of phagocytes and speeds up recovery

Question 19

A patient develops a rash after touching poison ivy. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is this, and what immune cells are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Type IV (delayed-type); T cells and macrophages

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They enable a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen

The Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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