Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between the cells shown in the first two images and the cell shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

The first two cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus, while the third cell does not.

Question 2

Which cellular structure, visible in the first two images, is responsible for housing the cell's genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Based on the images, which type of cell is most likely to be found in multicellular organisms such as animals or plants?

Accepted Answer

The cells in the first two images

Question 4

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is supported by the third image?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 5

If a scientist observes a cell with a large, prominent nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles, which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 6

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between surface area (SA) and volume (V) for a spherical cell, and why is this relationship important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4\pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$; as cells grow, volume increases faster than surface area, limiting efficient exchange with the environment.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have ribosomes, a plasma membrane, and a nucleoid region but lacks a nucleus. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the organelles shown as small, round, dark structures in the first two images?

Accepted Answer

Energy production through cellular respiration

Question 9

A mutation prevents the formation of the structure highlighted in purple in the first two images. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of DNA to RNA

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis are effective against the cell in the third image but not the first two?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while eukaryotic animal cells do not.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key evolutionary advantage of the compartmentalization seen in the first two images?

Accepted Answer

It allows for specialized functions to occur in separate organelles, increasing cellular efficiency.

Question 12

If a toxin specifically disrupts the function of the mitochondria, which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the genetic material organization in the cell shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

It is located in a nucleoid region, not surrounded by a membrane.

Question 14

A scientist discovers a new organism with cells that contain both a nucleus and chloroplasts. Based on this information, to which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger and become more complex than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize functions.

A Tour of the Cell: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure

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