Question 1

A scientist wants to observe the surface structure of a virus particle. Which type of microscope should they use, and why?

Accepted Answer

A scanning electron microscope, because it provides detailed images of cell surfaces using electrons.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They both have small circular DNA, 70S ribosomes, and replicate via binary fission.

Question 3

A cell is observed to have the following features: no nucleus, a cell wall, and a size of 2 μm. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterium

Question 4

Which of the following organelles is responsible for synthesizing proteins in all living cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Contain a nucleus that stores genetic material

Question 6

A cell that produces large amounts of steroid hormones is likely to have an abundance of which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the secretion of a newly synthesized protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Transport vesicle → Cell membrane

Question 8

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion and is primarily found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

Which part of the mitochondrion contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes necessary for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 11

Which two organelles are responsible for producing cellular energy in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 12

Which of the following cell junctions allows ions to travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

Which of the following structures is found only in plant cells and not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores water and maintains turgor pressure.

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen and sugar

Question 16

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organism is the likely ancestor of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic bacteria

Question 17

Which cytoskeletal component do motor proteins use to transport vesicles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common feature shared by all domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Presence of DNA as genetic material

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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