Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a larger surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for converting the chemical energy of sugars into ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and other molecules moving within a phospholipid bilayer.

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. What can you infer about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It requires a large amount of energy for its functions.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse across a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

They have a rigid cell wall that prevents excessive expansion.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of sodium and potassium ions by the sodium-potassium pump

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides mechanical support, maintains cell shape, and assists in cell movement.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + 	ext{Phosphate} + 	ext{Energy}$$

Question 19

A cell is observed to engulf a large particle by wrapping its plasma membrane around it and forming a vesicle. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why heat is considered a form of entropy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Heat represents energy that is no longer available to do work and increases disorder.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure and Function of Cells

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