Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water due to the hydrogen bonds forming a crystalline structure.

Question 2

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 2,000 years. If a fossil originally contained 100 grams of this isotope, how much would remain after 6,000 years?

Accepted Answer

$$100 \div 2^3$ = 12.5$$ grams

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which property of water allows coastal cities to have milder climates compared to inland cities?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 5

What is the main reason sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium transfers an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a buffer in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A substance that resists changes in pH by absorbing or releasing $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly expresses the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 8

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 5$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why geckos can climb smooth surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals interactions between the gecko's toe hairs and the surface.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life example of a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration, where glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions between the partially positive hydrogen of one molecule and the partially negative oxygen of another.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to fill their outermost energy level with eight electrons to become stable.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that helps organisms maintain a stable internal temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why salt (NaCl) dissolves in water?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules surround and separate the Na+ and Cl- ions due to their polarity.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids increase $$[H^+] in $$solution, while bases decrease $$[H^+].$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond where electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges.

Question 17

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na)

Question 18

If a solution's pH changes from 6 to 4, how does the hydrogen ion concentration change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by 100 times.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between two hydrogen atoms in $$H_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why inert elements do not readily form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

They have full outer electron shells, making them stable.

Atoms, Molecules, and Water: Foundations for General Biology

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