Question 1

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory in biology?

Accepted Answer

An explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations that is supported by a wide body of evidence.

Question 2

In Pasteur’s famous experiment testing the spontaneous generation hypothesis, what was the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the flask (straight-necked vs. swan-necked).

Question 3

Which of the following is a requirement for a hypothesis to be considered scientific?

Accepted Answer

It must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 4

A student observes that a plant grows faster when placed near a window. She hypothesizes that sunlight increases plant growth. Which of the following is the best prediction based on her hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If a plant is placed in sunlight, it will grow faster than a plant kept in the dark.

Question 5

In an experiment testing the effectiveness of antibacterial soap, which of the following would be an appropriate dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of bacteria remaining after washing.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why control groups are important in scientific experiments?

Accepted Answer

They provide a baseline for comparison to determine the effect of the independent variable.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an alternative hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Plants grow faster in sunlight than in shade.

Question 8

In the ant pedometer experiment, what was the main conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Ants use stride length and number to calculate distance from the nest.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major theories that form the framework for modern biological science?

Accepted Answer

Theory of relativity

Question 10

A scientist wants to test if a new fertilizer increases crop yield. She applies the fertilizer to one field and leaves another field untreated. What is the experimental group?

Accepted Answer

The field with fertilizer.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

A theory is supported by a wide body of evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable statement about a specific observation.

Question 12

In the frog deformity experiment, which of the following would be considered an abiotic factor?

Accepted Answer

UV-B radiation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the null hypothesis in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis that states there is no effect or difference.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a prediction derived from a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, then their growth will decrease.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct application of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Making observations, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

Question 16

In the giraffe neck length study, which hypothesis was supported by the observation that most feeding occurs at shoulder height?

Accepted Answer

The sexual competition hypothesis

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable in an experiment testing the effect of UV-B radiation on frog deformities?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of frogs with deformities.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of statistics in scientific experiments?

Accepted Answer

To analyze data and determine if results are significant.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the application of the germ theory of disease?

Accepted Answer

Using antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between the spontaneous generation hypothesis and the all-cells-from-cells hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation suggests cells arise from nonliving matter, while all-cells-from-cells suggests cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

Biology and the Nature of Science: Foundations, Theories, and Experimental Design

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