Question 1

Which process is responsible for linking monomers together to form a polymer, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is produced

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$ is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex branching and ring structures.

Question 4

Which functional group is basic and can accept a proton at cellular pH?

Accepted Answer

Amino

Question 5

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein, and what reaction forms this bond?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond; dehydration synthesis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure is stabilized mainly by interactions between side chains (R groups).

Question 7

A change in pH can denature a protein by:

Accepted Answer

Disrupting hydrogen and ionic bonds in the tertiary and secondary structures

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid – Polypeptide

Question 9

In a DNA molecule, if 20% of the nucleotides are thymine, what percentage are guanine?

Accepted Answer

30%

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 11

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 12

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis forms polymers from monomers by removing water.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why sickle-cell disease affects the function of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A mutation changes the primary structure, which alters secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about phosphodiester bonds?

Accepted Answer

They link nucleotides in nucleic acids.

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to form a negative ion at cellular pH?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in proteins?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids determines the protein's three-dimensional shape, which determines its function.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of the hydroxyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

Polar and forms hydrogen bonds

Question 18

During DNA replication, which rule ensures that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine?

Accepted Answer

Base-pairing rule

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the energy currency of the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the polarity of nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids have polarity because nucleotides are linked from the 5' phosphate to the 3' hydroxyl group.

Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Synthesis in Cells

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