Question 1

Which of the following best explains why carbon is considered the backbone of life’s molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable structures.

Question 2

A dehydration synthesis reaction is responsible for which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain.

Question 3

Which functional group is most likely to act as a base and accept a proton at cellular pH?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 4

A disaccharide is formed from two glucose molecules by dehydration synthesis. What is the molecular formula of the resulting disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}}$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding between backbone amide and carbonyl groups.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are catalysts that speed up and regulate chemical reactions.

Question 7

If a protein is exposed to high heat or extreme pH, what is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature, losing its three-dimensional structure and function.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biomolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 9

In the DNA sequence 5'–TGAC–3', the phosphodiester linkage between the guanine and the adenine connects:

Accepted Answer

the 3' end of the guanine to the 5' end of the adenine.

Question 10

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which levels of protein structure could be affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is usually single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 12

Which of the following functional groups is acidic and likely to donate a proton at cellular pH?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the structure of water and its role in hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reactions add water to break bonds between monomers.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a change in pH can denature a protein?

Accepted Answer

pH changes can disrupt hydrogen and ionic bonds between side chains, altering the protein’s shape.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds; guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

A sample of bacterial DNA contains 20% thymine. What percentage of guanine would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

30%

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process by which ATP stores energy?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the high-energy phosphate bonds, which are released during hydrolysis.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why functional groups are important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

They determine the chemical reactivity and properties of the molecule.

Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Synthesis in General Biology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제