Question 1

Which of the following best explains why carbon is considered the backbone of biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and diverse molecular structures.

Question 2

Stanley Miller’s classic experiment demonstrated that organic molecules could be synthesized abiotically. Which of the following molecules was NOT produced in his experiment?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 3

Which functional group acts as an acid by donating a hydrogen ion ($$\mathrm{H^+}) in $$aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cis-trans isomers differ in the arrangement of atoms around a double bond.

Question 5

A pharmaceutical company discovers that only one enantiomer of a drug is effective. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the active enantiomer fits the target molecule in the body, while the other does not.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores potential energy in its phosphate bonds, which is released upon hydrolysis.

Question 7

Which chemical group is found in both estradiol and testosterone, and is responsible for their classification as steroids?

Accepted Answer

A four-ring carbon skeleton

Question 8

Which of the following is a hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

Methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$})$$

Question 9

Which functional group is most likely to be found in a molecule that acts as a base in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-\mathrm{NH_2$})$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fats are a good source of energy?

Accepted Answer

Fats contain long hydrocarbon chains that can be oxidized to release large amounts of energy.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

They are always synthesized only by living organisms.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of atoms.

Question 13

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why only one enantiomer of a drug may be effective in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Biological molecules are often chiral and interact specifically with only one enantiomer.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life application of the importance of functional groups in biology?

Accepted Answer

The difference in biological activity between estradiol and testosterone is due to different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the reaction that releases energy from ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP reacts with water, breaking a phosphate bond and releasing energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a key element found in all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na)

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen, which have similar electronegativities, resulting in nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the electron configuration of carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following molecules contains a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

Acetone ($$\mathrm{CH_3COCH_3})$$

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life: Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드