Question 1

Which property of carbon most directly contributes to its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the synthesis of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed, forming a new bond between monomers.

Question 3

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a functional group and its characteristic property?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group (–PO4): contributes negative charge

Question 5

Which type of isomerism is responsible for the difference between glucose and fructose, both with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomerism

Question 6

Which polysaccharide is primarily used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

A patient with sickle-cell disease has a single amino acid substitution in the protein hemoglobin. This change most directly affects which level of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 8

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature while saturated fats are solid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 10

Which of the following is the basic monomer of a nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 11

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure and becomes biologically inactive after being exposed to high heat. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why DNA is a good molecule for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA has a double helix structure with complementary base pairing.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Forming a peptide bond between two amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis and trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

Cis isomers have functional groups on the same side of a double bond, while trans isomers have them on opposite sides.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has beta glycosidic linkages, which most animals lack enzymes to break.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, RNA, and protein in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fats are more efficient energy storage molecules than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more nonpolar covalent bonds, storing more energy per gram.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The two strands of DNA are antiparallel and held together by hydrogen bonds between bases.

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life: Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드