Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between interphase and M-phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Interphase is the growing and functioning stage, while M-phase is the dividing stage. Interphase lasts longer.

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Accepted Answer

46 chromosomes

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the centrosome during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Duplicating DNA

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cancer can result from mutations in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

Mutated proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes that promote uncontrolled cell division, while mutated tumor suppressor genes fail to stop the cell cycle.

Question 6

Which of the following processes contributes most directly to genetic variation during sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis

Question 7

A pure-bred black-haired dog mates with a pure-bred white-haired dog. All of the puppies are gray-haired. What pattern of inheritance is demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semiconservative, producing two molecules each with one old and one new strand.

Question 9

What is the role of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It relieves strain and prevents supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of single-strand binding proteins during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize unwound DNA strands and prevent them from re-annealing.

Question 11

A mutation occurs that disables the proofreading function of DNA polymerase. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The error rate during DNA replication will increase, leading to more mutations.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct order of DNA packaging from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Histone, nucleosome, 30nm fiber, metaphase chromosome

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are simultaneous in prokaryotes, but separated in eukaryotes.

Question 14

Which of the following modifications does NOT occur during eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Removal of exons

Question 15

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome by matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

Question 16

A mutation changes the codon UAU (tyrosine) to UAA in an mRNA sequence. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate early due to the introduction of a stop codon.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant but not ambiguous'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, but each codon specifies only one amino acid.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Skin color determined by several genes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

Cell Cycle, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Molecular Basis of Inheritance – Study Guide

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