Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell?

Accepted Answer

A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, while a haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes.

Question 2

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 3

If a human cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 4

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 5

A mistake during meiosis results in a gamete with an extra chromosome. If this gamete is fertilized, what is the resulting condition called?

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the number of possible chromosome combinations due to independent assortment in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2^{23}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells, while mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells.

Question 8

A child is diagnosed with Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra chromosome 21. This is most likely due to which meiotic error?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction during anaphase I or II

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents can look very different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation arises from crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is correct?

Accepted Answer

Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 11

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes line up as pairs at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Question 12

Which of the following events is unique to meiosis and does NOT occur in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over

Question 13

If a diploid organism has $$2n = 16$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 14

Which process restores the diploid number of chromosomes in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 15

A multicellular organism produces gametes by meiosis. Which of the following statements is true about these gametes?

Accepted Answer

They are haploid and genetically unique.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of mutations in the DNA of gametes?

Accepted Answer

Production of genetically identical offspring

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios is an example of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium dividing by binary fission to produce two identical cells

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the chance of having a baby with Down syndrome increases with maternal age?

Accepted Answer

Older eggs have a higher risk of nondisjunction during meiosis.

Ch 13 Meiosis

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