Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid cells (2n), while meiosis produces haploid cells (n).

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which stage of cell division is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variation among offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during Prophase I

Question 5

What is the primary reason plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents pinching

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with Down Syndrome. Which chromosomal abnormality is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 7

If a cell fails the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell enters the G0 phase and stops dividing

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers

Question 9

Cancer cells are able to divide uncontrollably because they:

Accepted Answer

Ignore cell cycle checkpoints and make their own growth factors

Question 10

Which chromosomal alteration is associated with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22

Question 11

A karyotype reveals a person with 47 chromosomes, including three copies of chromosome 18. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 18

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of possible gamete combinations due to independent assortment in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2^{23}$$

Question 13

A woman over the age of 35 is at increased risk of having a child with which chromosomal condition?

Accepted Answer

Down Syndrome

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is important in sexually reproducing populations?

Accepted Answer

It increases the likelihood of survival in changing environments

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase

Question 16

A cell with a deletion on chromosome 5 is most likely to be associated with which syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Cri du chat syndrome

Question 17

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 18

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, what is the expected outcome in the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Half the gametes will be normal, and half will be abnormal

Question 19

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding with division?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It holds sister chromatids together until they are separated during anaphase

Cell Division: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Chromosomal Errors

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