Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of water at the end of the electron transport chain?

$$\frac{1}{2} \text{O}_2 + 2 \text{H}^+ + 2 \text{e}^- \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

Question 1

Which molecule delivers the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle, and what does it combine with to form citric acid?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA; combines with oxaloacetate

Question 2

During the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of NADH are produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 3

What is the primary role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To carry high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions to the electron transport system

Question 4

Which process directly produces the greatest number of ATP molecules during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport system

Question 5

What is the net gain of ATP molecules from the complete aerobic catabolism of one glucose molecule, accounting for the cost of shuttling NADH into the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$36$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis powered by the diffusion of H+ ions through ATP synthase

Question 7

What happens to the electrons and hydrogen ions carried by NADH and FADH2 at the end of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

They combine with oxygen to form water

Question 8

Which metabolic pathway allows humans to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen, and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis; lactic acid

Question 9

If a person is fasting and has depleted their glycogen stores, which macromolecule will the body primarily use next for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Question 10

Which of the following is a waste product of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

CO2

Question 11

A patient with a mitochondrial disorder cannot efficiently use the electron transport system. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of lactic acid

Question 12

Which step in cellular respiration is responsible for the majority of CO2 production?

Accepted Answer

Preparatory step and citric acid cycle

Question 13

What is the fate of the carbon backbone of amino acids during protein catabolism for energy?

Accepted Answer

It enters the citric acid cycle at various points

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of water at the end of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2} 	ext{O}_2 + 2 	ext{H}^+ + 2 	ext{e}^- ightarrow 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the burning sensation in muscles during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid from anaerobic glycolysis

Question 16

How does the energy yield from fat catabolism compare to that from glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Fats yield about twice as much ATP as glycogen

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is essential for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 18

What is the main reason why the body resorts to protein catabolism during starvation?

Accepted Answer

To provide amino acids for the citric acid cycle when other energy sources are depleted

Question 19

Which step in cellular respiration is most directly linked to the process of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport system

Question 20

If a mutation prevented the recycling of NAD+ in the mitochondria, what would be the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis would stop due to lack of NAD+

Cellular Respiration: Citric Acid Cycle & Electron Transport System

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