Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is 0.6 and the frequency of g is 0.4, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.6 \times 0.4 = 0.48$$

Q: A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele B is 0.2, what is the expected frequency of genotype Bb?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.2 \times 0.8 = 0.32$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the set of alleles an organism carries, and phenotype is the observable traits resulting from those alleles.

Question 2

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is 0.6 and the frequency of g is 0.4, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.6 	imes 0.4 = 0.48$$

Question 3

Which evolutionary process is most likely to cause a population to become more genetically similar to a neighboring population?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 4

In a small population of birds, a hurricane randomly kills most individuals, leaving only a few survivors. The resulting change in allele frequencies is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Genetic bottleneck

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 6

A population of mice is exposed to a new predator. Over several generations, only the fastest mice survive and reproduce. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 7

Which type of selection is most likely to maintain genetic diversity in a population?

Accepted Answer

Balancing selection

Question 8

If a point mutation occurs in a gene but does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein, this mutation is considered:

Accepted Answer

Neutral (silent)

Question 9

In a population, the frequency of allele A is 0.7 and allele a is 0.3. What is the expected frequency of genotype AA under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2$$ = $$0.7^2 = 0.49$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why inbreeding increases the frequency of homozygotes in a population?

Accepted Answer

Inbreeding increases the chance that related individuals with similar alleles will mate.

Question 11

A population of fish is split by a dam, and over time, the two groups develop different allele frequencies. If the dam is removed and the populations mix, what evolutionary process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 12

Which of the following is the ultimate source of new genetic variation in populations?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 13

In a population of aphids, red and green color morphs are maintained because predators prefer one color and parasites prefer the other. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Balancing selection (frequency-dependent selection)

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A few individuals colonize a new island, and their allele frequencies differ from the original population.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about mutation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutation is random with respect to fitness and is the raw material for evolution.

Question 16

A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele B is 0.2, what is the expected frequency of genotype Bb?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.2 	imes 0.8 = 0.32$$

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a small population due to genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

Rare alleles are more likely to be lost by chance.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

It reduces genetic variation by favoring intermediate phenotypes.

Question 19

A population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic. Over time, a mutation arises that allows some bacteria to survive. What will likely happen to the frequency of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

It will increase due to natural selection.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a chromosome-level mutation?

Accepted Answer

Duplication of a gene segment

Chapter 23: Evolutionary Processes – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드