Q: In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele A ($$p) is 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$2pq$$)?

$$2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for a population of beetles becoming lighter in color after several generations, when birds preferentially prey on darker beetles?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 2

A small group of finches is blown to a new island by a storm. Over time, their allele frequencies differ significantly from the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift (founder effect)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 4

If $$p is $$the frequency of allele A and $$q is $$the frequency of allele a in a population, which equation correctly represents the expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 5

A population of rabbits experiences a sudden flood, drastically reducing its size. The surviving population has different allele frequencies than the original. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 6

Which type of natural selection increases the frequency of individuals with extreme phenotypes at both ends of the range?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 7

Gene flow tends to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce genetic differences among populations

Question 8

Which of the following statements about genetic drift is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It can cause harmful alleles to become fixed

Question 9

In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele A ($$p) is 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$2pq$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 10

Which scenario best illustrates stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of mice where individuals with intermediate fur color survive best

Question 11

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

At least one condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is not being met

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely increase genetic variation within a population?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 13

A population of flowers is isolated from others and experiences no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, a large population size, and no gene flow. What will happen to allele frequencies over generations?

Accepted Answer

They will remain constant

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequencies in the surviving population may differ from the original population

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A few individuals colonize a new habitat, leading to different allele frequencies

Question 16

Which of the following would violate the assumption of random mating in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Individuals mate only with close relatives

Question 17

If gene flow occurs between two populations, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The populations become more genetically similar

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of moths where only the darkest individuals survive due to pollution

Question 19

Which mechanism of evolution is most likely to cause a harmful allele to become fixed in a small population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 20

A population of insects is exposed to a pesticide. Over time, only those with a rare allele survive and reproduce. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations – Mechanisms and Patterns

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