Question 1

Which property of carbon most directly contributes to the diversity of organic molecules found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 3

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 4

What type of reaction links monomers together to form polymers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction

Question 5

A carbohydrate with the formula $$C_3H_6O_3 is $$classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 6

If two glucose molecules ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) are joined by a dehydration reaction to form maltose, what is the molecular formula of maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$

Question 7

Which polysaccharide is a major structural component of plant cell walls and is not digestible by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 8

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fats are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 9

Trans fats are produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Why are trans fats considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease more than saturated fats

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fats are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They contain many nonpolar C-H bonds

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 12

What happens to a protein when it is denatured?

Accepted Answer

It unravels and loses its specific shape, resulting in loss of function

Question 13

Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid

Question 15

DNA differs from RNA in that DNA:

Accepted Answer

Is usually double-stranded

Question 16

Lactose tolerance in humans is an example of evolution involving which three classes of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is a storage polysaccharide in plants, while cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants

Question 18

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are a major component of cell membranes

Question 19

Which process is responsible for breaking down the proteins you eat into their individual amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sugars are often described as 'empty calories'?

Accepted Answer

They provide energy but lack essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals

Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells – Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

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