Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the bonds between restriction fragments during the creation of recombinant DNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 2

A scientist wants to amplify a specific DNA segment from a 40,000-year-old mammoth sample. Which technique should they use, and what is the key enzyme involved?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Taq polymerase

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of a plasmid in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

A small, circular DNA molecule used as a cloning vector

Question 4

Why are sticky ends important in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They allow DNA fragments from different sources to bond through complementary base pairing

Question 5

A researcher uses a restriction enzyme to cut both a plasmid and a gene of interest, then mixes them together. What is the next step to create a recombinant plasmid?

Accepted Answer

Add DNA ligase to seal the sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 6

Which property of Taq polymerase makes it especially useful for PCR?

Accepted Answer

It is stable at high temperatures required for DNA denaturation

Question 7

A patient’s tumor is analyzed for gene expression using RNA-seq. What is a major advantage of RNA-seq over DNA microarray assays?

Accepted Answer

RNA-seq does not require prior knowledge of genomic sequences

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cDNA is used to express eukaryotic genes in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

cDNA contains only exons, avoiding introns that bacteria cannot process

Question 9

A forensic scientist analyzes DNA from a crime scene using STR markers. Why is this method highly reliable for individual identification?

Accepted Answer

STRs are highly variable in repeat number among individuals

Question 10

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in humans?

Accepted Answer

It could lead to deliberate efforts to control the genetic makeup of human populations (eugenics)

Question 11

A scientist wants to determine which tissues express a specific gene during embryonic development. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

In situ hybridization with fluorescent probes

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a totipotent cell?

Accepted Answer

A cell that can generate a complete new organism

Question 13

What is the main difference between embryonic stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells?

Accepted Answer

ES cells are pluripotent, while adult stem cells can only generate multiple but not all cell types

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world application of transgenic animals?

Accepted Answer

Production of large amounts of rare pharmaceutical proteins

Question 15

A plant biotechnologist is working on the C4 Rice Project. What is the main goal of this project?

Accepted Answer

To engineer rice to perform C4 photosynthesis for increased yield at higher temperatures

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why gene therapy using retroviral vectors can sometimes cause leukemia?

Accepted Answer

The retroviral vector may insert near a gene that triggers cell proliferation

Question 17

Which of the following is a key advantage of using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in regenerative medicine?

Accepted Answer

They can be generated from a patient’s own cells, reducing ethical concerns and immune rejection

Question 18

A researcher is using RNA interference (RNAi) to study gene function. What is the mechanism by which RNAi silences gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Double-stranded RNA molecules break down or block the gene’s mRNA

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?

Accepted Answer

A single base-pair variation in the genome that can be used as a genetic marker

Question 20

Which of the following is a major concern regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

GM crops might transfer genes to wild plants, producing 'super weeds'

ch 20 study guide

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