Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Production and modification of proteins destined for secretion or insertion into membranes

Question 2

A liver cell is exposed to a high concentration of toxins. Which organelle is expected to be most abundant in this cell to help detoxify these substances?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the rough ER appears 'rough' under an electron microscope?

Accepted Answer

It is covered with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface

Question 4

A mutation prevents vesicles from fusing with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins synthesized in the ER

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the direction of protein movement through the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

From the cis face to the trans face

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of smooth ER. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 7

Which of the following equations best represents the detoxification reaction catalyzed by enzymes in the smooth ER?

Accepted Answer

$$RH + O_2$ + NADPH + H^+ \rightarrow ROH + H_2O + NADP^+$$

Question 8

If a cell's Golgi apparatus is disrupted, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Proteins will accumulate in the ER and not be properly modified or sorted

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why liver cells have more smooth ER than most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in detoxifying drugs and synthesizing lipids

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with abundant rough ER and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of protein

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of transport vesicles in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

They move proteins and lipids between organelles such as the ER and Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely result from a defect in the enzymes of the smooth ER in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of toxins and decreased lipid synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the Golgi apparatus modifying glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins acquire specific carbohydrate groups that determine their final destination

Question 14

A mutation causes vesicles to be unable to bud off from the ER. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transport of newly synthesized proteins to the Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the relationship between the ER and the Golgi apparatus in the secretory pathway?

Accepted Answer

Proteins synthesized in the ER are packaged into vesicles and sent to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the transitional ER?

Accepted Answer

It is the region of the ER where transport vesicles bud off to carry proteins to the Golgi apparatus

Question 17

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of the Golgi apparatus. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Impaired secretion of proteins and accumulation of unprocessed proteins in the cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process by which proteins are targeted for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are synthesized in the rough ER, modified in the Golgi apparatus, and packaged into vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

Endomembrane System: Structure and Function in Eukaryotic Cells

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