Question 1

Which of the following best defines evolution in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

A change in the genetic composition of a population over successive generations.

Question 2

Which scientist independently proposed a theory of natural selection at the same time as Charles Darwin?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Wallace

Question 3

In the context of natural selection, what is meant by 'adaptation'?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases an individual's chance of survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the five agents of evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 5

A population of finches on the Galapagos Islands experiences a drought, causing only large, hard seeds to be available. Over several generations, the average beak size in the population increases. Which evolutionary mechanism is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals establishes a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population.

Question 7

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Migration of fertile individuals between populations, introducing new alleles.

Question 9

Why does natural selection act on individuals, but only populations evolve?

Accepted Answer

Individuals do not change their genetic makeup, but the frequency of traits in a population can change over generations.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A natural disaster drastically reduces a population, leaving only a few survivors with limited genetic diversity.

Question 11

Sexual selection can lead to which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Sexual dimorphism, where males and females of a species look different.

Question 12

Which process is the ultimate source of new genetic variation in populations?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 13

In Endler’s guppy study, what was the main difference between natural selection and sexual selection?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favored survival traits, while sexual selection favored traits that increased mating success.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must survive and reproduce equally

Question 15

A population of snails shows a wide variety of shell colors and patterns. Which evolutionary concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes assortative mating?

Accepted Answer

Individuals select mates that are similar to themselves in phenotype.

Question 17

During the Industrial Revolution, the frequency of dark-colored peppered moths increased in polluted areas. What evolutionary mechanism explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic variation among offspring

Question 19

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Farmers breeding cows that produce more milk.

Ch 22 & 23 Evolution

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드