$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

$$\text{CUU} ($$since anticodon $$\text{GAA}$$ pairs with codon $$\text{CUU}$$)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 2

During transcription in eukaryotic cells, which of the following modifications occurs to the pre-mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 4

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} ($$tyrosine) to $$	ext{UAA} ($$stop codon). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The code is redundant but not ambiguous

Question 6

In prokaryotes, what is a key difference in gene expression compared to eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Translation can begin before transcription is finished

Question 7

A tRNA molecule has the anticodon $$	ext{GAA}. $$Which mRNA codon will it pair with during translation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CUU} ($$since anticodon $$	ext{GAA}$$ pairs with codon $$	ext{CUU}$$)$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why a frameshift mutation is often more damaging than a point substitution?

Accepted Answer

It can introduce a premature stop codon and alter every amino acid downstream

Question 9

What is the role of the spliceosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns and joins exons together

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They protect mRNA from degradation and help ribosome binding

Question 11

Which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 12

A scientist uses CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out a gene in a mouse. What is the most direct result of the Cas9 protein's action?

Accepted Answer

It cuts both strands of the targeted DNA sequence

Question 13

Alternative RNA splicing allows eukaryotic cells to:

Accepted Answer

Produce multiple proteins from a single gene

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about ribozymes?

Accepted Answer

They are RNA molecules with catalytic activity

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines the sequence of proteins, which influence phenotype

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of a nonsense mutation in a gene?

Accepted Answer

The protein is prematurely terminated

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing mRNA from DNA

Question 18

In eukaryotic cells, where does translation occur?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the reading frame during translation?

Accepted Answer

It is determined by the start codon and must be maintained for correct protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics like tetracycline can kill bacteria without harming human cells?

Accepted Answer

They target bacterial ribosomes, which differ from eukaryotic ribosomes

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

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