Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A single base mutation in the gene for pigmentation in donkeys leads to albinism. What is the most direct molecular consequence of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The mutation results in a non-functional enzyme required for pigment synthesis.

Question 3

In the Beadle and Tatum experiment with Neurospora, why did some mutants fail to grow on minimal medium but grew when supplemented with arginine?

Accepted Answer

The mutants could not synthesize arginine due to a defective enzyme in the arginine biosynthesis pathway.

Question 4

Which statement best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

Question 5

What is the main difference between gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are spatially separated in eukaryotes but can occur simultaneously in prokaryotes.

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct result of a frameshift mutation caused by a single nucleotide insertion in a coding sequence?

Accepted Answer

The reading frame is altered, potentially changing every amino acid downstream of the mutation.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the 'one gene, one polypeptide' hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Each gene codes for a single polypeptide, which may be part of a protein.

Question 8

A scientist introduces a jellyfish gene into a mosquito larva, which then expresses a fluorescent protein. What does this experiment demonstrate about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal, allowing genes from one organism to be expressed in another.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about stop codons in the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Stop codons signal the termination of translation and do not code for any amino acid.

Question 10

Reverse transcription, as seen in retroviruses like HIV, is best described by which process?

Accepted Answer

RNA is used as a template to synthesize DNA.

Question 11

If a mutation changes the third base of a codon from GAA to GAG, what is the likely effect on the protein?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid will remain the same due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why wild-type Neurospora can grow on minimal medium, but certain mutants cannot?

Accepted Answer

Wild-type cells can synthesize all necessary amino acids, while mutants lack enzymes for specific steps in amino acid biosynthesis.

Question 13

Which process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA processing (such as splicing)

Question 14

A mutation in gene B of the arginine biosynthesis pathway in Neurospora would most likely result in which phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Growth only when citrulline or arginine is supplied.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 16

Which experimental result would best support the hypothesis that genes encode enzymes in a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A mutant unable to grow on minimal medium grows when supplied with a specific intermediate in the pathway.

Bio 100 LEC Chapter 17 Module 1

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드