Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to targeted destinations.

Question 2

Which chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, and can be either polar or non-polar?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 3

Refer to the diagram of the endoplasmic reticulum. What is the primary function of ribosomes attached to the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a competitive inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the active site, preventing the substrate from binding.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct difference between DNA and RNA based on their structure?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy change in an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G \u003c 0$$

Question 8

A nucleotide is composed of which three components?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 9

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 10

Which process describes the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon.

Question 12

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of codominance in humans?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood typing, where both A and B alleles are expressed in AB individuals

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones using energy, while catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is a double-stranded helix with complementary base pairing between A-T and G-C.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why only diploid cells can undergo meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, allowing for homologous chromosome pairing and reduction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It controls the traffic of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA → mRNA → tRNA → Protein

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about REDOX reactions?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

General Biology I: Comprehensive Study Notes for Final Exam Preparation

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