Question 1

Which of the following best explains why butane and isobutane have different chemical properties, even though they have the same molecular formula?

Accepted Answer

They have different arrangements of their carbon skeletons, making them structural isomers.

Question 2

Refer to the diagram showing the flow of energy and matter in an ecosystem. Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose molecules, and cellular respiration releases that energy for cellular work.

Question 3

In the mitochondrion diagram, which compartment is the primary site of the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Question 4

In the nucleotide diagram, which carbon is bonded to the phosphate group, and which is bonded to the nitrogenous base?

Accepted Answer

$$5'$$ carbon is bonded to the phosphate group, $$1'$$ carbon is bonded to the nitrogenous base.

Question 5

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 6

Which of the following correctly orders the levels of DNA packing from smallest to largest, as shown in the chromatin structure diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Nucleosome, 30 nm fiber, 300 nm fiber, metaphase chromosome

Question 7

In prokaryotic cells, where do transcription and translation occur, and how does this differ from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are simultaneous in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes; in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.

Question 8

During transcription, what is the role of the promoter region on DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 9

Which of the following modifications occur to pre-mRNA in eukaryotes before it becomes mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap, addition of a poly-A tail, and removal of introns

Question 10

Using the genetic code chart, what amino acid is coded by the mRNA codon UGG?

Accepted Answer

Tryptophan (Trp)

Question 11

During translation initiation, what is the first amino acid added to a growing polypeptide chain in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 12

What is the function of the E site on the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It is where the empty tRNA exits the ribosome.

Question 13

How does translation terminate in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A stop codon is reached, and a release factor binds, causing the polypeptide to be released.

General Biology I: Core Concepts and Processes Study Guide

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