Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They store and transmit genetic information.

Question 2

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. She observes that the reaction rate increases with temperature up to a point, then sharply decreases. Which concept best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures denature the enzyme, altering its active site.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding an enzyme involved in glycolysis. Which metabolic pathway is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Glucose breakdown to pyruvate

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the production of ATP in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 10

Which equation represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to produce a nonfunctional ATP synthase. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmotic production of ATP in mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 13

Which statement best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons to oxygen, generating a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 15

A cell with a defective RNA polymerase would have trouble performing which process?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of DNA to RNA

Question 16

Which of the following is true about meiosis but not mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half.

Question 17

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 18

A plant is exposed to light but deprived of carbon dioxide. Which process will be directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the importance of the semi-permeable nature of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It enables selective transport of substances, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that impairs the function of DNA repair enzymes. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Higher risk of accumulating mutations and developing cancer

General Biology I: Course Syllabus and Study Guide

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드