Question 1

Which structure within the mitochondrion is primarily responsible for the generation of the proton gradient used in ATP synthesis during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Inner membrane

Question 2

A plant cell is placed in a solution and becomes turgid. Based on the diagram, what type of solution is the cell in, and why?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic, because water enters the cell

Question 3

Which cytoskeletal element is composed of actin protein and is involved in cell shape and motility?

Accepted Answer

Microfilament

Question 4

What is the main function of the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Site of photosynthetic light reactions

Question 5

Which process is illustrated by the binding of a solute to a transport protein, followed by a shape change powered by ATP, and the release of the solute on the other side of the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

In the context of endocytosis, what distinguishes receptor-mediated endocytosis from phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves specific receptors and coated vesicles, while phagocytosis involves pseudopodia and food vacuoles

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the movement of cilia compared to flagella?

Accepted Answer

Both cilia and flagella move by bending microtubules, but cilia move with an oar-like motion and flagella with a whiplike motion

Question 8

If an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel as water leaves the cell

Question 9

Which part of the mitochondrion contains the enzymes for the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal structure acts as tracks for organelle movement and is made of tubulin protein?

Accepted Answer

Microtubule

Question 11

What is the main function of the granum within the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Site of light-dependent reactions

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall provides structural support and prevents bursting

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the stroma in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

It is the fluid surrounding the thylakoids where the Calvin cycle occurs

Question 14

Which process is depicted when a cell engulfs a large particle by wrapping its membrane around it to form a food vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in active transport as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for the conformational change in the transport protein

General Biology Study Notes: The Cell, Membranes, and Cellular Respiration (Chapters 4–6)

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