Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose, even though they share the same chemical formula ($$C_6H_{10}O_5$)_n$?

Accepted Answer

Starch has glycosidic linkages in the alpha configuration, while cellulose has beta linkages.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of biological polymers. Which of the following equations correctly represents a dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules to form maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to occur more rapidly.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why animal fats are solid at room temperature while plant oils are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Animal fats contain more saturated fatty acids, which allow for tight packing of molecules.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 6

A patient with a fever of 41°C (105.8°F) is at risk because:

Accepted Answer

Proteins, including enzymes, may denature and lose their function at high temperatures.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP couples exergonic and endergonic reactions by providing energy through hydrolysis.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They form the main structural component of cell membranes.

Question 10

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme:

Accepted Answer

Binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is indigestible to most animals, while starch is not?

Accepted Answer

Most animals lack enzymes that can hydrolyze the beta glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases paired by hydrogen bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of protein from amino acids.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme earlier in the pathway, preventing overproduction.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of a noncompetitive inhibitor on an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleotide base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They release free energy and occur spontaneously.

Macromolecules and Metabolism: Structure, Function, and Biological Energy

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