Question 1

Which process is depicted in the first image, and what is its biological significance?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; it is used to join monomers together, forming macromolecules and storing energy.

Question 2

Refer to the second image. Which chemical reaction is illustrated, and what is the main outcome of this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; energy is released as macromolecules are broken down into smaller subunits.

Question 3

The third image shows the formation of a triglyceride. Which type of reaction is responsible for this process, and what are the reactants?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 4

Based on the fourth image, what type of fat is shown and what is a key characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat; contains only single bonds in the fatty acid tails, allowing tight packing.

Question 5

The fifth image depicts a triglyceride with kinked tails. What causes these kinks, and what is the physical state of this fat at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Double bonds in the fatty acid tails; liquid at room temperature.

Question 6

Refer to the sixth image. What type of macromolecule is shown, and what is its primary function in cells?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid; forming the structural basis of cell membranes.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as illustrated in the images?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have straight tails due to single bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have kinked tails due to double bonds.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the dehydration synthesis of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, making them ideal for forming cell membranes.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules during exercise, and what is the chemical equation for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow 2C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have straight tails that pack closely together, while unsaturated fats have kinked tails that prevent tight packing.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polysaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen – energy storage in animals

Question 14

Which of the following statements about steroids is true?

Accepted Answer

They have a backbone of three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring.

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder that prevents the breakdown of polysaccharides in the liver. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins formed from oligosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell-cell recognition and communication.

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates and Lipids

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제