$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which process is illustrated in the first image, where amino acids are joined together, and what type of reaction is responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is removed to form peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 2

In the second image, which step best represents the enzyme-substrate complex formation?

Accepted Answer

Step 2: Substrates bind to the active site of the enzyme.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions, as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 4

Referencing the third image, which component is unique to RNA nucleotides and not found in DNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Uracil base

Question 5

Based on the fourth image, which type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Which statement best explains the relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the instructions for making RNA, which then directs protein synthesis.

Question 7

In the fifth image, what structural feature distinguishes RNA from DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the energy release from ATP as shown in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

Energy is released when the bond between the last two phosphate groups is broken by hydrolysis.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 10

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch and glycogen. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The patient lacks the enzyme to break down cellulose.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA bases as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a universal energy source for cellular processes.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about amino acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds formed through dehydration synthesis.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

They speed up metabolic reactions so that life-sustaining processes occur fast enough.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Two intertwined strands held together by hydrogen bonds between paired bases

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the relationship between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds macromolecules by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks them down by adding water.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the phosphate groups in ATP?

Accepted Answer

Breaking the bonds between them releases energy for cellular work.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why DNA is more stable than RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, making it less reactive than the single-stranded, ribose-containing RNA.

Macromolecules: Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and ATP

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