Q: A pea plant with genotype Pp is crossed with another Pp plant. What is the probability that an offspring will have white flowers? Use the multiplication rule to show your work.

$$\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4}$$

Q: In a dihybrid cross between two YyRr plants, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype YYrr?

$$\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{16}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype Pp is crossed with another Pp plant. What is the probability that an offspring will have white flowers? Use the multiplication rule to show your work.

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2} 	imes \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4}$$

Question 3

Which scenario is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink offspring.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two YyRr plants, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype YYrr?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4} 	imes \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{16}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why heterozygotes for sickle-cell disease are more common in regions where malaria is prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes have a selective advantage because they are less susceptible to malaria.

Question 6

A testcross is performed between a pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype and a white-flowered plant. If half the offspring have white flowers, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous (Pp)

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene causes multiple symptoms in cystic fibrosis.

Question 8

Which statement about polygenic inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for quantitative traits such as human height.

Question 9

If a woman with genotype IAi and a man with genotype IBi have a child, what is the probability the child will have type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus.

Question 11

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. Which inheritance pattern is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a reason why humans are poor subjects for genetic research compared to pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Humans have only one allele for each gene.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why dominant alleles are not necessarily more common than recessive alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles may be lethal and selected against.

Question 14

A couple are both carriers for cystic fibrosis (a recessive disorder). What is the probability that their first two children will both have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4} 	imes \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{16}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial disorder?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease influenced by both genes and lifestyle

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype reflects both genotype and environmental influences.

Question 17

In a cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt), what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is true about codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

Question 19

A man with achondroplasia (a dominant disorder) and a woman without the disorder have a child. What is the probability that the child will have achondroplasia if the man is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair during gamete formation.

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Foundations of Classical Genetics

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