Question 1

Which of the following best explains Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp is $$crossed with another $$Pp$$ plant. What is the probability that an offspring will have white flowers?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ has both A and B antigens on their red blood cells.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two $$YyRr$$ pea plants (where Y = yellow, y = green, R = round, r = wrinkled), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype $$yyrr$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 6

A testcross is performed between a pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype and a white-flowered plant. If half the offspring have purple flowers and half have white flowers, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

Pp

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type AB individuals are universal recipients.

Question 8

If a genetic disorder is autosomal recessive, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous individuals are carriers but do not express the disorder.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The inheritance of seed color does not affect the inheritance of seed shape in pea plants.

Question 10

A woman with genotype $$I^A i$$ and a man with genotype $$I^B i$$ have a child. What is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Skin color in humans

Question 12

In Tay-Sachs disease, at the organismal level, the allele is recessive. At the biochemical level, the alleles show incomplete dominance. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes show a phenotype intermediate between normal and affected at the enzyme activity level.

Question 13

A man with type AB blood and a woman with type O blood have children. What are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about dominant alleles?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles are not necessarily more common than recessive alleles.

Question 15

If a child has attached earlobes (recessive trait), but both parents have free earlobes (dominant trait), what are the genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both parents are heterozygous.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes epistasis?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects the expression of another gene.

Question 17

A couple are both carriers for cystic fibrosis (genotype $$Cc). $$What is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a multifactorial disease?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Question 19

In a pedigree, a trait appears in every generation and affected individuals have at least one affected parent. What is the most likely inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sickle-cell trait (heterozygous) is more common in regions where malaria is prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes have a survival advantage against malaria.

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance

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