Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have many distinct varieties and both male and female organs in each flower.

Question 2

In Mendel’s monohybrid cross between true-breeding purple-flowered and white-flowered pea plants, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements is NOT part of Mendel’s four-part hypothesis based on his monohybrid cross experiments?

Accepted Answer

If two alleles differ, the recessive allele is always expressed.

Question 4

A cross between two heterozygous snapdragon plants (with pink flowers) results in offspring with red, pink, and white flowers. What type of inheritance does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 5

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

Question 6

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ for the ABO blood group will have which blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type AB

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease causing multiple symptoms such as anemia and organ damage

Question 8

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$YyRr 	imes YyRr$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation according to Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 9

Which genetic phenomenon is illustrated when one gene pair masks or modifies the expression of another gene pair at a different locus?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 10

A child is born with albinism, a recessive disorder. If both parents are phenotypically normal, what is the probability that their next child will also have albinism?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 11

Which of the following disorders is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner?

Accepted Answer

Achondroplasia

Question 12

A couple, both carriers for cystic fibrosis, want to know the probability that their child will be a carrier but not affected. What is the probability?

Accepted Answer

$$1/2$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes influence a single trait.

Question 14

A man with type O blood and a woman with type AB blood have a child. What are the possible blood types for their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of the influence of environment on phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Human height influenced by nutrition

Question 16

If a genetic counselor is assessing the risk of Tay-Sachs disease in a couple, which inheritance pattern should they consider?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why heterozygotes for sickle-cell disease are resistant to malaria?

Accepted Answer

They produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin, which interferes with malaria parasite survival.

Question 18

A woman who is a carrier for phenylketonuria (PKU) marries a man who is not a carrier. What is the probability that their child will have PKU?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 19

Which of the following genetic testing methods involves sampling amniotic fluid to analyze fetal DNA?

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis

Question 20

In a mouse coat color cross, if the genotype cc prevents pigment deposition regardless of the B gene, what genetic principle is illustrated?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance

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