$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a linear metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next reaction in a sequential manner.

Question 2

What is the main difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways build larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy, while catabolic pathways break down molecules and release energy.

Question 3

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 4

Which coenzyme is reduced during glycolysis and what does it become?

Accepted Answer

NAD$$^+ is $$reduced to NADH

Question 5

What is the primary role of coenzymes such as NAD$$^+$$ and FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They transfer hydrogen ions and electrons during metabolic reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It enters the mitochondria and is converted into an acetyl group, releasing CO$$_2.$$

Question 7

In the preparatory step of cellular respiration, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, CO$$_2 is $$released, and NAD$$^+ is $$reduced to NADH.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible reaction for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} ightleftharpoons \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

Which step of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 10

If oxygen is not present in a cell, what happens to the pyruvate produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into lactic acid or ethanol, depending on the organism.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes in metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are reusable and are not changed by the reactions.

Question 12

A patient is unable to produce NAD$$^+ in $$their cells. Which stage of cellular respiration would be directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 13

Which of the following is a waste product of the preparatory step in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$})$$

Question 14

How many NADH molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 15

Which molecule delivers the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle after the preparatory step?

Accepted Answer

Coenzyme A (as Acetyl CoA)

Question 16

A mutation prevents the formation of Acetyl CoA in a cell. Which process would be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which can be released to do cellular work.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the energy investment and energy yielding steps of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The energy yielding step produces 4 ATP, but only 2 ATP are gained net due to the initial investment.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule.

Question 20

A person is fasting and has depleted their glucose stores. Which macromolecule will their cells most likely use next for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Stored fats

Metabolic Pathways and Cellular Respiration: Energy Production in Cells

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